Science

The evidence behind the formula

Built around the research,
not the label.

Every ingredient in MicroVitamin earns its place through human randomised controlled trials. Active forms, sensible doses, and the honest science behind each decision.

Active & methylated forms Doses matched to research No fillers or dyes Third-party tested GMP-certified manufacturing
MicroVitamin
✓ Human RCT-grounded formula ✓ Version 8 — updated as evidence evolves ✓ Full label transparency — no proprietary blends
Formula philosophy

Three principles behind every formulation decision

Most supplements are designed around two things: low manufacturing cost and impressive-looking labels. MicroVitamin is designed around one thing: what the clinical research actually supports.

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Active, bioavailable forms

Nutrients in the forms your body can directly use: methylated B12 (methylcobalamin) and methylated folate (5-MTHF) bypass a common MTHFR gene variant that slows this conversion. Minerals in glycinate chelate form — bound to an amino acid, which raises how much your body actually absorbs. In a head-to-head study that was about 43% more than the gluconate forms common in budget products. Carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene) in encapsulated delivery systems that protect potency through shelf life.

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Doses chosen to match the research

Each dose reflects what human RCTs actually tested — not what makes the label look impressive. Most ingredients are at 50–100% of the Daily Value: enough to fill dietary gaps and stay within the dose range studied in clinical trials, without the megadosing approach that can produce adverse effects at sustained intake. Where a specific dose is used in a key trial (e.g. hyaluronic acid 200mg, lutein 10mg), that's the dose MicroVitamin uses.

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Updated as the evidence evolves

The formula is currently in version 8 (USA). It has been revised as new clinical data has emerged — upgrading forms when better options became available, and adjusting doses to align with new trial data. Formulas are not a "set and forget." When the science changes, the formula changes.

What's deliberately excluded — and why

The formula is defined as much by what's left out as what's included

Several nutrients common in competing multivitamins are intentionally absent from MicroVitamin, based on the clinical evidence.

Vitamin A (retinol / beta-carotene) EXCLUDED

A Cochrane systematic review of 78 RCTs (296,707 participants) found that beta-carotene and vitamin E supplementation was associated with a higher risk of dying from any cause. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against beta-carotene supplementation due to signals of increased lung cancer risk in smokers, and concluded with moderate certainty that vitamin E supplementation has no net benefit for preventing cardiovascular disease or cancer (USPSTF, JAMA, 2022). The SELECT trial — 34,887 men followed for up to 12 years — found vitamin E at 400 IU/day significantly increased prostate cancer risk (Klein et al., JAMA, 2011). Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body rather than flushed out in urine, so any excess builds up instead of being cleared. Most people obtain adequate amounts from their diet.

Vitamin E EXCLUDED

Same Cochrane review linked supplemental vitamin E to a higher risk of dying from any cause at higher doses. The same storage problem applies here — excess is retained rather than cleared. Dietary vitamin E from nuts, seeds, and plant oils is sufficient for the vast majority of adults. Including it on the label for marketing purposes — given this evidence profile — would conflict with the formula's core philosophy.

Calcium EXCLUDED

When high-quality RCTs are examined in isolation, supplemental calcium shows no significant reduction in fracture risk, and several large studies have linked calcium supplements to increased cardiovascular risk. Dietary calcium does not appear to carry the same risk. MicroVitamin supports the body's use of dietary calcium through Vitamin D3 (absorption), Vitamin K2 (directs calcium to bone via osteocalcin), Magnesium (required for Vitamin D activation), and Boron (extends Vitamin D half-life) — without adding supplemental calcium on top of dietary intake.

Fillers, dyes & titanium dioxide EXCLUDED

MicroVitamin capsules contain no titanium dioxide, no artificial colours, no silicon dioxide fillers, and no magnesium stearate. The capsule shell is plant-based (HPMC). Many of the additives that routinely appear in supplement ingredient lists are there purely to make manufacturing at scale easier — they do nothing for the person taking the product. Where manufacturing requires a bulking agent, natural alternatives are used.

Resveratrol EXCLUDED

One of the most heavily marketed ingredients in the category. Oral absorption is poor, and human results have been inconsistent — the trial record has not kept pace with the marketing. Popularity is not evidence, and a daily formula is the wrong place to take a bet.

NMN & nicotinamide riboside EXCLUDED

Genuinely interesting cell and animal work on NAD+ precursors. The human outcome data is early and thin relative to how confidently these are sold, and the long-term effects of pushing NAD+ to high levels are not known. MicroVitamin includes a modest dose of nicotinamide instead.

Apigenin, sulforaphane & fisetin EXCLUDED

Each has a promising mechanism and promising results in cells or mice, and not enough human data to justify a place in something taken every day. Fisetin in particular was trialled by the Interventions Testing Program without showing the effects the preclinical work suggested. Worth watching, not yet worth including.

Ingredient evidence

Key ingredients — form, dose & the research

The studies below are human RCTs or meta-analyses unless otherwise noted. Dose figures refer to what was studied; doses in MicroVitamin are matched to the research where available.

Cognition & B-vitamins

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Methylated Folate (5-MTHF)
200 mcg DFE · MicroVitamin & MV+
Standard folic acid requires conversion to its active form via the MTHFR enzyme. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism, which impairs this conversion, is common — though its prevalence varies considerably by geography and ethnicity (Liew & Gupta, Eur J Med Genet, 2015). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the active form — it doesn't depend on this conversion step. MicroVitamin uses 5-MTHF at 200 mcg DFE, the dose aligned with nutritional sufficiency trials and the COSMOS multivitamin study.
Form: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate · dose matched to COSMOS trial design
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Methylated B12 (Methylcobalamin)
12 mcg · MicroVitamin & MV+
Methylcobalamin is a directly active coenzyme form of B12. Cyanocobalamin, the cheaper alternative common in budget multivitamins, requires enzymatic conversion in the body. B12 supports homocysteine metabolism alongside folate and B6. Elevated plasma homocysteine is a modifiable factor studied in relation to cognitive health in older adults; intervention trials using methyl donors and B vitamins have been used to study brain atrophy rates (Smith et al., J Alzheimers Dis, 2018).
Form: Methylcobalamin — active coenzyme form, no conversion required
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Choline Bitartrate
181.5 mg · MicroVitamin & MV+
The COSMOS trial (21,442 adults, ≥60 years) and its three cognitive substudies found daily multivitamin use was associated with improved global cognition and episodic memory versus placebo — equivalent to approximately 2 years of reduced cognitive ageing (Vyas et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2024). Choline is an essential nutrient required for acetylcholine synthesis, with most adults not reaching the adequate intake from diet. The 181.5 mg dose is aligned with the COSMOS formulation's choline content.
Aligned with COSMOS trial ingredient profile
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TMG (Betaine Anhydrous)
500 mg · MicroVitamin & MV+
TMG (trimethylglycine) is a methyl donor that works alongside B12 and folate in the homocysteine re-methylation pathway. The 500 mg dose is within the range studied for homocysteine-lowering effects. Note: the cholesterol-lowering and strength-enhancement effects associated with betaine in some trials used doses of 2.5 g/day — substantially higher than the 500 mg included here; those outcomes are not attributable to MicroVitamin's dose.
500 mg — methyl-donor dose; not the 2.5 g dose studied for body composition

Bones & Vitamin D / K2

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Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
1,000 IU (25 mcg) · AlgeD3™ · MicroVitamin & MV+
Vitamin D3 supports calcium absorption in the gut and plays a role in bone mineralisation. The algae-derived AlgeD3™ form is used, encapsulated to protect stability through the product's shelf life. 1,000 IU is a moderate, widely studied dose intended to support dietary calcium utilisation in adults whose dietary D intake or sun exposure may be insufficient — without reaching the high-dose range where adverse effects have been documented.
Form: AlgeD3™ (algae-derived D3) · microencapsulated for stability
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Vitamin K2 MK-7
90 mcg · K2VITAL® DELTA · MicroVitamin & MV+
Vitamin K2 activates osteocalcin, a protein that directs calcium into bone rather than soft tissue. MK-7 is the long-chain menaquinone form with the longest half-life of the K2 forms studied. A meta-analysis of 8 RCTs found combined K + D supplementation was associated with improved bone mineral density and reduced undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Kuang et al., Food Funct, 2020). The encapsulated K2VITAL® DELTA form is used — unencapsulated MK-7 showed very poor recovery in earlier formula versions.
Form: K2VITAL® DELTA (microencapsulated MK-7) — stability-critical
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Magnesium Taurate
126 mg elemental · MicroVitamin & MV+
Magnesium is required for the conversion of Vitamin D to its active hormonal form (calcitriol), and supports hundreds of enzymatic processes. The taurate form was selected specifically because taurine has been studied for cardiovascular and cardiac rhythm support. Magnesium glycinate is used in the Sleep product rather than here, to provide distinct functions: Magnesium Taurate in the daily formula; Magnesium Glycinate in the nighttime formula for its calming glycine component.
Form: Magnesium Taurate — cardiovascular function focus
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Boron
1 mg · MicroVitamin & MV+
Boron is a trace element studied in relation to calcium and Vitamin D metabolism. Research suggests boron extends the half-life of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and reduces urinary calcium excretion. Dietary intake is highly variable and often below 1 mg/day in individuals with low fruit and vegetable intake. The 1 mg dose is within the range studied in nutritional trials.
1 mg — within the nutritional trial dose range

Carotenoids & Eye health

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Lutein + Zeaxanthin
10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin · Lutemax® 2020 · MicroVitamin & MV+
Lutein and zeaxanthin are the primary carotenoids that concentrate in the macula of the eye, where they act as macular pigments and filter high-energy blue light. AREDS2 tested them as a replacement for beta-carotene, which had been found to raise lung-cancer risk in former smokers. Across ten years of follow-up the replacement performed at least as well — modestly better, in fact (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.98) — with no lung-cancer signal (Chew et al., JAMA Ophthalmol, 2022; original trial AREDS2, JAMA, 2013). That substitution is why the field moved to these two carotenoids, and it is why MicroVitamin uses the amounts that trial used. Separately, human RCTs of lutein and zeaxanthin have shown statistically significant increases in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) — a directly measurable endpoint (Stringham et al., Foods, 2017; Bovier & Hammond, Arch Biochem Biophys, 2015); those trials used higher daily amounts than 10 mg + 2 mg. Higher dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake is also associated with macular health in large prospective cohort studies.
Form: Lutemax® 2020 (microencapsulated) · RCT-backed dose for MPOD increase
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Lycopene
10 mg · LycoBeads® · MicroVitamin & MV+
Lycopene is a tomato-derived carotenoid. A meta-analysis of 21 RCTs found that lycopene at ≥12 mg/day was associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure (Cheng et al., Atherosclerosis, 2017). The LycoBeads® encapsulated form is used to protect this fat-soluble carotenoid's stability through shelf life. At 10 mg, MicroVitamin's dose is close to but below the ≥12 mg threshold studied in the blood pressure meta-analysis; the primary rationale at this dose is antioxidant and carotenoid status support rather than a blood-pressure outcome claim.
Form: LycoBeads® (microencapsulated) · antioxidant carotenoid support

Skin & Hydration

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Hyaluronic Acid (Oral)
200 mg · MicroVitamin & MV+
Oral sodium hyaluronate has been studied in several double-blind RCTs for skin hydration and appearance. A 28-day RCT of 60 women taking 200 mg/day oral hyaluronan — the exact dose in MicroVitamin — reported improved skin hydration (+10.6%), reduced wrinkle depth (−18.8%), and improved skin elasticity (+5.1%) versus placebo (Michelotti et al., Eur J Dermatol, 2021). A 2025 double-blind RCT in 150 adults confirmed improved skin hydration and barrier function with oral sodium hyaluronate versus placebo (Scientific Reports, 2025).
200 mg — dose used in published skin hydration RCTs
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Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate)
45 mg · MicroVitamin & MV+
Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for collagen synthesis and functions as a water-soluble antioxidant. The calcium ascorbate form provides a buffered, non-acidic delivery that is gentler on the stomach than ascorbic acid. At 45 mg — 50% of the Daily Value — this is a dietary-gap filling dose, not a high-dose therapeutic approach. It complements the collagen in MicroVitamin+ Powder, where Vitamin C's role in collagen cross-linking synthesis is relevant.
Form: Calcium Ascorbate (buffered) · 50% DV gap-filling dose

Glycinate trace minerals — bioavailability advantage

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Zinc, Selenium, Copper, Manganese, Chromium, Iodine
All in glycinate / amino-acid chelate forms · MicroVitamin & MV+
All trace minerals in MicroVitamin use glycinate or amino-acid chelate forms rather than the cheaper oxide or sulfate forms standard in most multivitamins. A clinical trial found glycinate mineral chelates were absorbed about 43% better than gluconate forms (Gandia et al., Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2007). Doses are set at 50–100% of the Daily Value — adequate to fill dietary gaps without exceeding the ranges studied in clinical trials. Zinc 11 mg (100% DV), Selenium 27.5 mcg (50% DV), Copper 0.9 mg (100% DV), Iodine 75 mcg (50% DV).
All glycinate / amino-acid chelate forms · ~43% higher bioavailability vs gluconate
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Full B-Complex (B1, B2, Niacin, B5, B6 as P5P, Biotin)
Active forms · MicroVitamin & MV+
B vitamins support energy metabolism at the cellular level as coenzymes in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. MicroVitamin uses pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P) for B6 — the active coenzyme form that doesn't require hepatic conversion, relevant for the same MTHFR metabolic pathway that benefits from methylated folate. Doses sit at 50–75% of the Daily Value for most B vitamins — sufficient to address dietary gaps without the megadose approach that contributes to urine-colouring excretion and unnecessary metabolic load.
B6 as P5P (active coenzyme form) · 50–75% DV range across B-complex

MicroVitamin+ Exclusive

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Creatine Monohydrate
5 g · MicroVitamin+ only
Creatine monohydrate at 5 g/day is the standard dose used across thousands of published trials, including the International Society of Sports Nutrition's position paper (Kreider et al., JISSN, 2017), which describes it as the most studied ergogenic supplement available. Research has studied creatine in relation to muscle strength, power output, and recovery across a range of populations including older adults. A 2024 meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (Xu et al., 2024) found creatine supplementation was associated with improved memory performance, with effects most pronounced in adults over 60.
5 g/day — standard clinical dose; most studied sports supplement
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Collagen Peptides
12.5 g · Bovine · MicroVitamin+ only
Oral collagen peptides have been studied for skin structure, joint cartilage, and connective tissue. An RCT published in J Med Food (Kim et al., 2022) found oral collagen peptides reduced skin wrinkle depth within 12 weeks. A 2023 systematic review confirmed improvements in skin elasticity and hydration (Pu et al., Nutrients, 2023). A 2025 systematic review of 23 studies noted that while benefits were observed, high-quality independent studies showed attenuated effect sizes (Myung et al., Am J Med, 2025). The 12.5 g dose is within the range studied in clinical trials. Collagen peptides in MicroVitamin+ complement the oral hyaluronic acid already in the core formula — two complementary mechanisms for skin structure.
12.5 g bovine peptides · not suitable for vegans or vegetarians
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Psyllium Husk
2.5 g · MicroVitamin+ only
Psyllium is a soluble fibre, most studied for cholesterol management. A Cochrane review found dietary fibre supplementation is associated with reductions in cardiovascular risk factors, including total and LDL cholesterol (Hartley et al., 2016) — that review covers dietary fibre broadly rather than psyllium specifically. The 2.5 g dose in MicroVitamin+ is below the ≥7 g/day threshold that FDA allows for a cholesterol-lowering health claim; at this dose, psyllium's contribution to daily fibre intake and gut microbiome support is the primary rationale. Trials examining psyllium alongside micronutrients have not found it to reduce absorption of vitamins and minerals — including a three-month randomised trial at 15 g/day, six times the amount here (Pal 2022), and a controlled study of calcium taken in the same meal (Heaney & Weaver 1995) (Anderson et al., 2000; Pal et al., 2022; Heaney & Weaver, 1995).
2.5 g · fibre & gut support dose; not a cholesterol-claim dose (requires ≥7 g)
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Taurine
1 g additional (on top of Magnesium Taurate) · MicroVitamin+ only
Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid present in high concentrations in heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system. Endogenous taurine biosynthesis and dietary intake from animal products decline with age in many adults. A 2025 meta-analysis of 34 RCTs (~1,394 participants) found taurine supplementation was associated with statistically significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and CRP (Nie et al., Nutrition Reviews, 2025). The dose-response analysis identified 1.5–3.0 g/day as the range showing the strongest effects; the 1 g in MicroVitamin+ is a meaningful add-on given baseline dietary intake and the taurine already present in Magnesium Taurate.
1 g — add-on to baseline dietary taurine; strongest effects seen at 1.5–3 g/day
Multivitamin research

The COSMOS trial — the largest multivitamin RCT in history

The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study randomised 21,442 US adults aged 60 and over to a daily multivitamin or placebo. A meta-analysis combining three COSMOS cognitive substudies (5,203 non-overlapping participants) found multivitamin supplementation was associated with improved global cognition and episodic memory versus placebo, equivalent to approximately 2 years of reduced cognitive ageing (Vyas et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2024). MicroVitamin's formulation includes the COSMOS-aligned nutrient categories: Choline, Methylated B12, Methylated Folate, and the full B-complex.

21,442
Randomised adults in the COSMOS trial
~2 yrs
Estimated reduction in cognitive ageing
3
Independent cognitive substudies confirmed
Quality & testing

Third-party tested. Certificates of analysis available.

Manufacturing claims are easy to make. These are the specific testing protocols and certifications behind every MicroVitamin batch.

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Batch-level heavy metal testing

Every batch is independently tested for lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium against USP daily limit standards. Certificates of analysis are available on request. Most recent Labdoor-commissioned Eurofins test: results below USP daily limits for all four heavy metals.

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Label accuracy & purity

Independent testing verifies that what's on the label is present in the bottle at the claimed amounts. MicroVitamin has been tested by Labdoor-commissioned laboratories and passed for accuracy and purity on the most recent batch. Every certificate is downloadable on the third-party testing page, including the independent test we did not pass.

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GMP-certified facilities

Manufactured at Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certified facilities across five regions: USA (Makers Nutrition — FDA-registered, GMP-audited, NPA certified), Canada (Canadian Premier Supplements — cGMP, NSF-licensed, Health Canada site-licensed), Australia, UK, and Germany.

Testing methodology

What's tested on every batch

  • ✓ Lead (Pb) — vs USP 5 mcg/day daily limit
  • ✓ Mercury (Hg) — vs USP daily limit
  • ✓ Arsenic (As) — vs USP 15 mcg/day daily limit
  • ✓ Cadmium (Cd) — vs USP daily limit
  • ✓ Microbiology (yeast, mould, total plate count)
  • ✓ Identity verification of key actives
  • ✓ Label accuracy — actual vs declared amounts

Certificates of analysis are available on request. Contact brad@drstanfield.com.

Manufacturing — local supply

Five regions. Local supply. No cross-border customs on orders.

MicroVitamin Capsules are manufactured regionally so most customers receive a locally-produced batch with no customs delays. Each facility holds the same GMP standards.

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USA
Makers Nutrition · FDA-reg · GMP
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Canada
Canadian Premier · cGMP · NSF
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Australia
GMP-certified facility
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UK
GMP-certified facility
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Germany
GMP-certified facility
Transparency on testing

We share the results — including the ones that show room for improvement

In early 2026, ConsumerLab tested MicroVitamin and flagged above-label amounts of Vitamin D and folate. This was the result of standard manufacturing overage practices — nutrients degrade over shelf life, so the formula is made at above-label amounts to ensure label claims are met by the expiry date.

In response, overage specifications for Vitamin D and folate were revised downward in version 9 (the current development formula) to reduce the likelihood of future flags, while still ensuring label claims are met through the product's shelf life.

The batch sheets and certificates of analysis were shared publicly. Independent testing — including by organisations that flag issues — is something we actively support, not avoid.

Independent test — ConsumerLab, reported March 2026

Two nutrients came back above the label amount, and ConsumerLab sends any failing test to a second independent laboratory — so there are two sets of figures. Both are shown.

Nutrient On the label Lab A found Lab B found Why
Vitamin D 25 mcg 61.25 mcg 48.4 mcg Manufacturing overage. Both figures sit below the NIH tolerable upper intake level of 100 mcg/day.
Folate 200 mcg DFE 479.4 mcg DFE 404.6 mcg DFE Manufacturing overage, plus a contested conversion factor for methylfolate into dietary folate equivalents.

Heavy metals — lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury — all passed, well below their daily limits. The full report, and every certificate of analysis, is downloadable on the third-party testing page.

Sleep

The science behind the micro-dose approach to melatonin

The supplement industry standardised on 3–5 mg melatonin. The research on physiological melatonin dosing tells a different story.

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Melatonin
300 mcg · Sleep
The human body produces approximately 10–80 mcg of melatonin per night. Oral melatonin is poorly absorbed — bioavailability is commonly estimated at around 15% — so a 300 mcg dose delivers an amount in roughly that same physiological range, rather than many times above it. Typical melatonin supplements contain 3,000–5,000 mcg (3–5 mg). An umbrella review of melatonin efficacy found evidence that melatonin supports sleep onset (Low et al., J Psychiatr Res, 2020). That review covers melatonin and melatonin agonists in insomnia generally; most of the trials in it used doses well above 300 mcg, so it speaks to melatonin’s effect rather than to this specific dose.
300 mcg — physiological dose range; 15% oral bioavailability → ~45 mcg active
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Glycine
2,500 mg · Sleep
Glycine is an inhibitory neuromodulator that has been studied for its ability to lower core body temperature at bedtime — a physiological cue that facilitates sleep onset. Human trials of glycine supplementation (3 g before bed) have reported improvements in subjective sleep quality, reduced time to sleep onset, and decreased next-day fatigue (Inagawa et al., 2006; Yamadera et al., 2007; reviewed in Bannai et al., 2012). The 2,500 mg dose in Sleep is close to the 3 g dose used in those trials.
2,500 mg · close to the 3 g dose used in sleep-onset RCTs
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Magnesium Glycinate
126 mg elemental · Sleep
Magnesium glycinate provides elemental magnesium in a chelated glycinate form that does not cause the laxative effect associated with magnesium citrate or oxide. A systematic review found magnesium status was associated with sleep quality in observational studies, while randomised trials of supplementation reported contradictory findings (Arab et al., Biol Trace Elem Res, 2023). A 2025 RCT of 155 participants found magnesium bisglycinate significantly improved sleep quality scores versus placebo (Schuster et al., Nat Sci Sleep, 2025). The glycinate chelate also provides additional glycine, complementing the separate 2,500 mg glycine in the formula.
Form: Magnesium Glycinate (chelate) · no laxative effect
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Three-mechanism approach
How the three ingredients work together
Each ingredient in Sleep targets a distinct physiological pathway: Melatonin provides the circadian timing signal that tells the brain it is night. Glycine reduces core body temperature via peripheral vasodilation — a known facilitator of sleep onset — and improves sleep architecture quality. Magnesium glycinate supports muscular and neurological relaxation and reduces sleep-onset latency. A single high-dose melatonin product addresses only the first pathway; these three ingredients address all three in one formula.
No sedatives, no habit-forming mechanisms, non-addictive
References

Studies cited on this page

All human RCTs, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews unless otherwise noted. This is a representative list for this page; the full study library behind the formula is available on request.

  1. Vyas CM et al. Multivitamin supplementation on cognitive function in older adults: a 3-trial combined analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.011
  2. Liew SC, Gupta ED. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism: epidemiology, metabolism and the associated diseases. Eur J Med Genet. 2015. PubMed
  3. Smith AD et al. Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018. doi:10.3233/JAD-171042
  4. Gandia P et al. A bioavailability study comparing two oral formulations containing zinc (Zn bis-glycinate vs. Zn gluconate). Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2007. PubMed
  5. Michelotti A et al. Oral intake of a hyaluronan-based nutraceutical for maintenance of skin hydration and elasticity in healthy women: 28-day open-label study. Eur J Dermatol. 2021. doi:10.1684/ejd.2021.4176
  6. Kuang X et al. The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct. 2020. doi:10.1039/c9fo03063h
  7. Zhang Z et al. The effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2025. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1703116
  8. Stringham JM et al. Lutein across the lifespan: From childhood cognitive performance to the aging eye and brain. Foods. 2017. doi:10.3390/foods6070047
  9. Bovier ER, Hammond BR. A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.11.012
  10. Cheng HM et al. Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.009
  11. Bjelakovic G et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2
  12. USPSTF. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. JAMA. 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.8970
  13. Klein EA, Thompson IM, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA. 2011;306(14):1549-1556. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1437
  14. Kreider RB et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. JISSN. 2017. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z
  15. Xu C et al. The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2024. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1424972
  16. Nie Z et al. Effects of Oral Taurine Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutr Rev. 2025. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf220
  17. Low TL et al. The efficacy of melatonin and melatonin agonists in insomnia: an umbrella review. J Psychiatr Res. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.022
  18. Bannai M, Kawai N. New therapeutic strategy for amino acid medicine: glycine improves the quality of sleep. J Pharmacol Sci. 2012. PubMed
  19. Schuster J et al. Magnesium Bisglycinate Supplementation in Healthy Adults Reporting Poor Sleep: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nat Sci Sleep. 2025. doi:10.2147/NSS.S524348
  20. Arab A et al. The role of magnesium in sleep health: a systematic review of available literature. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023. doi:10.1007/s12011-022-03162-1
  21. Kim DU et al. Oral Intake of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Improves Hydration, Elasticity, and Wrinkling in Human Skin. Nutrients. 2018. doi:10.3390/nu10070826
  22. Hartley L et al. Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011472.pub2
  23. Anderson JW et al. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.2.472
The formula in full

All of this in one daily formula.

26 ingredients in their active forms, at doses the research supports. Third-party tested. Made at GMP facilities across five regions.

Where to go next

The evidence above is one part of it. How the formula is built is on the About page; the independent test results and every certificate of analysis are on the testing page.

Study citations on this page are provided for informational and educational purposes. They do not constitute endorsement of MicroVitamin by the study authors or their institutions. Results from studies may not apply to all individuals.