BPC-157: Does It Work, and Did It Just Get FDA Approval?
Category: Supplements
Digestive Enzymes: How They Work, What the Evidence Shows, and How to Choose
Digestive enzymes are specialized proteins produced by the gastrointestinal system that catalyze the hydrolysis of complex food molecules — carbohydrates, proteins, and fats — into simpler, absorba...
DHEA Supplement Guide: Benefits, Dosing, Forms, and Side Effects
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, with smaller contributions from the gonads and brain [1][2]. It is the most abundant circulating steroid...
D-Mannose for UTI Prevention: Evidence, Dosing, and Safety
D-mannose is a naturally occurring simple sugar (monosaccharide) closely related to glucose. It is an epimer of glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the C-2 carbon ...
Turmeric and Curcumin: Evidence-Based Guide to Benefits, Forms, and Dosing
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Turmeric is a spice der...
9 Popular Supplements to Reconsider — What the Evidence Shows
Supplements are widely used across the world and range from simple vitamins and minerals to exotic plants and extracts to untested mixtures of unknown ingredients. Not all of them are worth taking ...
Multivitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Decline: What the COSMOS Studies Found
Cognitive decline is one of the most significant concerns associated with ageing — the gradual erosion of memory, processing speed, and executive function that can begin decades before any clinical...
Cranberry: Evidence-Based Guide to UTI Prevention, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) contain A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs), which inhibit the adhesion of E. coli bacteria to the bladder and urinary tract walls [1]. This anti-adhesion mechanism ...
CoQ10 Supplement Guide: Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone, is a naturally occurring fat-soluble compound essential for cellular energy production. It resides in the inner mitochondrial membra...
Coconut Water: Nutrition, Electrolytes, and Hydration Evidence
Coconut water is the clear to slightly cloudy liquid endosperm found inside immature (green) coconuts of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It comprises approximately 95% water along with small amo...
Magnesium Deficiency: Why 52% Are Falling Short and Which Forms Work Best
Magnesium is an essential mineral — meaning the body cannot synthesise it, so it must come from food or supplements. It is used throughout the body for processes including muscle function, nerve fu...
MCT Oil and Coconut Oil: Evidence-Based Guide to Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Medium chain triglyce...
Cocoa Flavanols: Benefits, Dosing, Forms, and Side Effects
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Cocoa flavanols are a ...
Creatine for Older Adults: Benefits, Safety, and Dosage Guide
Creatine is widely known as a workout supplement, valued for its impact on muscle performance and growth. But creatine is also a compound used by the brain and throughout the body, with effects on ...
CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid): Benefits, Forms, Dosage, and Safety
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Conjugated linoleic a...
Vitamin D3 and K2: What the Research Actually Shows
Many people, when they think of vitamins, first think of the letters. Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D; and some have numbers attached like vitamin B12. All vitamins have more than one form, similar...
Cinnamon Supplements: Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of several evergreen trees in the genus Cinnamomum, cultivated primarily in South and Southeast Asia [1][2]. It has been used for thousands of years ...
Magnesium L-Threonate for Sleep: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Good health is essential for a good life, but there are many pressures from every angle pushing people towards less healthy lifestyles. Whether it's processed foods, a sedentary desk job, or long h...
Chromium Supplements: Benefits, Forms, Dosage & Safety
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Dietary Sources Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Frequently Asked Questions References Over...
Choline: Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Side Effects
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Choline is an essentia...
Cholesterol-Lowering Supplements: Evidence, Dosing, and Side Effects Guide
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Elevated blood cholest...
Chia Seeds: Benefits, Dosing, Forms, and Safety
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Chia seeds are the sma...
CBD (Cannabidiol): Benefits, Dosing, and Side Effects — What the Research Shows
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Cannabidiol (CBD) is ...
Calcium Supplements: Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Table of Contents Overview Forms and Bioavailability Evidence for Benefits Recommended Dosing Safety and Side Effects Drug Interactions Dietary Sources References Overview Calcium is the most ab...
Boron Supplement Guide: Benefits, Forms, Dosing, and Safety
Boron is a trace mineral found naturally in plants, soil, and water. Although not classified as essential for humans, accumulating evidence suggests it may play beneficial roles in bone health, joi...